First Aid & CPR Guide

What to do when an adult collapses and is unresponsive or not breathing normally.

1. 1 Check surroundings are safe, tap & shout
2. 2 Call 911 or send someone to call
3. 3 Start chest compressions immediately
4. 4 Get and use an AED as soon as available
5. 5 Continue until help arrives

Infant CPR requires a different technique. Know the key differences before it matters.

1. 1 Tap foot & check for response
2. 2 Call 911 (or shout for help)
3. 3 2-finger compressions on chest
4. 4 Give 2 gentle rescue breaths
5. 5 30:2 ratio, repeat until help arrives

Act fast — a choking person can lose consciousness in under a minute without air.

1. 1 Ask "Are you choking?" — if no answer, act
2. 2 Lean them forward, give 5 back blows
3. 3 5 abdominal thrusts (Heimlich)
4. 4 Alternate until object comes out
5. 5 If unconscious — start CPR, call 911

Never use abdominal thrusts on an infant. The technique is completely different.

1. 1 Hold infant face-down on your forearm
2. 2 5 firm back blows with heel of hand
3. 3 Flip face-up: 5 chest thrusts (2 fingers)
4. 4 Check mouth — only remove if visible
5. 5 Repeat & call 911 if no improvement

AEDs are designed for non-medical users. They guide you step by step — just follow the voice.

1. 1 Turn on AED, follow voice prompts
2. 2 Expose chest, dry if wet
3. 3 Attach pads (diagrams on pads)
4. 4 AED analyzes — don't touch the person
5. 5 Press shock if advised, resume CPR

Uncontrolled bleeding can be fatal within minutes. Firm, direct pressure is the first step.

1. 1 Call 911 for severe bleeding
2. 2 Apply firm direct pressure with cloth/gauze
3. 3 Do not remove — add more if soaked
4. 4 For limbs: apply tourniquet 2" above wound
5. 5 Note time tourniquet applied

Burns are classified by depth. Knowing what to do — and what NOT to do — prevents further damage.

1. 1 Move person away from heat source
2. 2 Cool with cool (not cold) water 10–20 min
3. 3 Remove jewelry and loose clothing nearby
4. 4 Cover loosely with clean bandage
5. 5 Call 911 for large, deep, or facial burns

Every minute of a stroke destroys brain cells. Recognize the signs and call 911 immediately.

1. F Face drooping — is one side numb or drooping?
2. A Arm weakness — can they raise both arms?
3. S Speech difficulty — slurred or strange words?
4. T Time — call 911 immediately
5. + Note the exact time symptoms started

Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening allergic reaction. An epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen) can save a life.

1. 1 Call 911 immediately
2. 2 Ask for their EpiPen if they have one
3. 3 Inject into outer thigh, hold 10 seconds
4. 4 Lay them down, legs elevated (if no breathing trouble)
5. 5 Be ready to give CPR if they stop breathing

Low blood sugar can cause confusion, shaking, or unconsciousness. Acting fast prevents it from worsening.

1. 1 If conscious, give 15–20g fast sugar (juice, glucose tabs)
2. 2 Wait 15 minutes, check improvement
3. 3 If better, give a small snack
4. 4 If unconscious — do NOT give anything by mouth
5. 5 Call 911 if unconscious or not improving

Most asthma attacks respond to an inhaler. Know when one isn't enough and 911 is needed.

1. 1 Sit person upright, stay calm with them
2. 2 Help them use their rescue inhaler
3. 3 Wait 15–20 min for improvement
4. 4 2nd dose if no improvement in 15 min
5. 5 Call 911 if lips turn blue or no improvement

Proper wound care prevents infection. Most minor cuts can be treated at home with the right steps.

1. 1 Wash hands before touching wound
2. 2 Apply gentle pressure to stop bleeding
3. 3 Rinse under clean running water
4. 4 Apply antibiotic ointment if available
5. 5 Cover with sterile bandage; change daily